Косвенная речь (Reported speech) – это передача чьих-то слов без точного их цитирования, в отличие от прямой речи (direct speech). Косвенною речь часто ещё называют просто непрямой речью (Indirect speech) и значительно реже, когда indirect discourse. Стоит отметить, что обычно используют именно косвенную речь, значительно реже прямую. Сравните (обратите внимание, что в непрямой речи изменяется время главного глагола):
He said, “I am going to watch TV.” - передача прямой речи.
He said (that) he was going to watch TV. – изменение прямой речи в косвенную.
She said, “I want to buy a car.” – прямая речь
She said (that) she wanted to buy a car. – косвенная речь
Anna said, “I don’t like shopping.” – прямая речь
Anna said (that) she didn’t like shopping. – косвенная речь
Союз that можно “опустить”, то есть, можно сказать:
Steve said that he was feeling ill. или так Steve said he was feeling ill.
Как правило, настоящая и будущая форма времени глаголов в прямой речи, при передаче их в косвенную речь изменяются на прошедшую форму времени. Изучите следующую таблицу:
| am/is → was | do/does → did | will → would |
| are → were | have/has → had | can → could |
go/know/want/like/may и т.д. → went/knew/wanted/liked/might и т.д. | ||
Немного примеров. Пусть Вас не смущают кавычки вокруг первых примеров. Они просто означают, что в них заключена пряма речь, предложения, которые кто-то когда-то сказал.
“I play football every day.” → He said he played football every day.
“I do my homework every day.” → He said he did his homework every day.
“Julia has a new job.” → He said Julia had a new job.
“I am playing football.” → He said he was playing football.
“I have played football.” → He said he had played football.
“I will play football.” → He said he would play football.
“I am going to play football.” → He said he was going to play football.
“I can play football.” → He said he could play football.
“I may play football.” → He said he might play football
В большинство случаев прошедшую форму времени глаголов в косвенной речи можно оставить без изменений или изменить на прошедшее совершённое время - past perfect.
“I played football.” → He said he played football или He said he had played football.
“She watched football.” → He said she watched football или He said she had watched football.
“I saw her in the street.” → He said he saw her in the street или He said he saw her…
“I did not go to work.” → He said he did not go to work или He said he had not gone to work
Данное правило неуместно, если прямая речь уже была в past perfect:
“I had played football.” → He said she had played football
“They had broken down a car.” → She said they had broken down a car
Пройди по ссылке и попробуй выполнить задание!
https://www.liveworksheets.com/yg33468ea
Good luck!
